Улаанбаатар хотын шилжих хөдөлгөөн ба шилжин ирэгсдийн нийгмийн байдал

Purpose of the article is to identify the reasons of migration to Ulaanbaatar from countryside of Mongolia and situation of migrants in Ulaanbaatar. Article explores impact of migration on growth of population and social status of emigrants based on statistical data and sociological survey conducted in Ulaanabaatar in 2012 by Department of Sociology of the Institute of Philosophy, Sociology and Law

Улаанбаатар хот: төвлөрөл ба асуудал

Aim of the paper is to investigate migration flow, a reasons for migration, regions and places of migrations, types of migrations based on the statistical data and data of sociological survey “Urbanization process in Mongolia” conducted by the Department of Sociology, IPSL in 2012

von ethnischen Enklaven zu transnationalen Netzwerken

Dieser Artikel betrachtet Wanderungsbewegungen aus der Perspektive der Migrationsforschung in der Ethnologie. Der Fokus liegt auf zentralen Konzepten und Diskursen, die in der ethnologischen Migrationsforschung Relevanz erlangt haben, sowie auf Bildern und Narrativen, die mit den Wanderungsprozessen verknüpft sind. Dazu skizziere ich die Geschichte dieses Teilgebiets der Ethnologie und beziehe mich dabei im Wesentlichen auf zwei Ansätze, die jeweils mit einem Forschungsinstitut verbunden sind: Die Chicago School of Sociology und die Manchester School in Afrika. Das heutige Verständnis von Migration aus ethnologischer Sicht stelle ich anhand der Konzepte zu Transnationalismus und Diaspora dar.This paper looks at migratory movements from the perspective of migration studies in anthropology. The focus lies on essential concepts and discourses relevant to anthropological migration studies as well as on images and narratives linked to migration processes. For this purpose I will outline the historic development of this field of research in anthropology by referring largely to two approaches, each of them linked to a research institute: The Chicago School of Sociology and the Manchester School in Africa. Today’s understanding of migration in anthropology will be introduced through the concepts of transnationalism and diaspora

Rethinking Roma Migration in the Light of Recent Flow of Refugees to Canada from Three Central Eastern European Countries the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia

The paper presents the research results of a pilot project on the (forced) migration of Roma from three Central Eastern European countries – the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia – to Canada in the course of the last ten to fifteen years. Roma migration is posited as being motivated by various factors that include both discrimination and social deprivation. This premise held by researchers working on Roma migration is backed by the theoretical literature of the sociology and anthropology of forced migration. The paper, however, looks for new approaches (‘mid-range’ theories) with the aim of re-thinking Roma forced migration. The research project delved into the whole migration process through narrative interviews that enable us to find theoretical frameworks that account for more than just the motivational side of Roma forced migration. With a special focus on how migration starts, how it develops and how migrant networks come about through weak and strong ties, we aimed to shed new light on the forced migration of Roma while we raised new questions and hoped to break new grounds for further studies

Esquemas teóricos sobre la etiología de la emigración y el caso de Tamaulipas

Resumen: La sociología, la economía y la geografía han aportado esquemas teoréticos para explicar la migración. Sin embargo, la migración es demasiado multifacética para ser explicada por una sola teoría. Por ejemplo, el caso de los trabajadores indocumentados de Tamaulipas quienes son contratados en los Estados Unidos pueden ser analizados desde las teorías de migración. Abstract: Sociology, Economics and Geography have provided theoretical schemes explaining migration. However, migration is too multifaceted to be explained by a single theory. From the example of Tamaulipas’ undocumented farm workers employed in the United Stated it can be inferred that major contemporary explanations of migration are neither mutually exclusive nor contradictory. Existing theories shed light on a particular feature of migration. Therefore, our understanding of the complexities of migration relies on interdisciplinary approaches

DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION PHENOMENON IN ROMANIA BETWEEN 1991 AND 2008

Migration represented and represents a very important phenomenon at global level, taking into consideration besides its demographic implications, its extremely diverse implications such as socio-economic, socio-cultural, territorial, or environmental. This represents, probably, the main reason why the research on migration is interdisciplinary, having strong connections with sociology, political sciences, history, economics, geography, demography, psychology, or low, among others. All these disciplines target different aspects of population migration, and a proper comprehension of the phenomenon implies a contribution from the part of all of them. Although migration represents a phenomenon manifested since ancient times, it has never been such an universal or significant phenomenon from the socio-economical or political perspective, as it is in present times. International migration has both a negative and positive impact on both provider and receiving countries, in general playing a very important role in the structure and dimension of the population of a country. Romania is not an exception to the previously expressed statement; furthermore, after the fall of the communist regime, migration became for Romania one of the most important socio-economical phenomena. The present paper aims at analyzing in a descriptive manner the international migration phenomenon in Romania between 1991 and 2008, from quantitative perspective. Based on data identified in the \"Statistical Yearbook of Romania" - 2008 and 2009 editions - the analysis revealed the fact that both immigration and emigration flows registered oscillatory evolutions in the analysed period, but the general trend of immigration was of increasing, while the one of emigration was of decreasing. Immigration was dominated by the presence of males, of persons aged between 26 and 40 and of persons coming from the Republic of Moldova. On the other side, in the case of emigration the significant presence of females, of persons aged between 26 and 40, of persons of Romanian nationality and of those who preferred as main destination country Italy, was remarkable.international migration, immigration, emigration, Romania

Migration, Mobility and Human Rights at the Eastern Border of the European Union - Space of Freedom and Security

This edited collection of migration papers would like to emphasise the acute need for migration related study and research in Romania. At this time, migration and mobility are studied as minor subjects in Economics, Sociology, Political Sciences and European Studies only (mostly at post-graduate level). We consider that Romanian universities need more ‘migration studies’, while research should cover migration as a whole, migration and mobility being analysed from different points of view – social, economical, legal etc. Romania is part of the European Migration Space not only as a source of labourers for the European labour market, but also as source of quality research for the European scientific arena. Even a country located at the eastern border of the European Union, we consider Romania as part of the European area of freedom, security and justice, and therefore interested in solving correctly all challenges incurred by the complex phenomena of migration and workers’ mobility at the European level. The waves of illegal immigrants arriving continuously on the Spanish, Italian and Maltese shores, and the workers’ flows from the new Member States from Central and Eastern Europe following the 2004 accession, forced the EU officials and the whole Europe to open the debate on the economical and mostly social consequences of labour mobility. This study volume is our contribution to this important scientific debate. Starting with the spring of 2005, the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence and the School of High Comparative European Studies (SISEC), both within the West University of Timisoara, have proposed a series of events in order to raise the awareness of the Romanian scientific environment on this very sensitive issues: migration and mobility in the widen European Space. An annual international event to celebrate 9 May - The Europe Day was already a tradition for SISEC (an academic formula launched back in 1995 in order to prepare national experts in European affairs, offering academic post-graduate degrees in High European Studies). With the financial support from the Jean Monnet Programme (DG Education and Culture, European Commission), a first migration panel was organised in the framework of the international colloquium ‘Romania and the European Union in 2007’ held in Timisoara between 6 and 7 of May 2005 (panel Migration, Asylum and Human Rights at the Eastern Border of the European Union). Having in mind the positive welcoming of the migration related subjects during the 2005 colloquium, a second event was organised on 5 May 2006 in the framework of the European Year of Workers’ Mobility: the international colloquium Migration and Mobility: Assets and Challenges for the Enlargement of the European Union. In the same period, the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence, SISEC and The British Council in Bucharest have jointly edited two special issues of The Romanian Journal of European Studies, no.4/2005 and 5-6/2006, both dedicated to migration and mobility. Preliminary versions of many of the chapters of this volume were presented at the above mentioned international events. The papers were chosen according to their scientific quality, after an anonymously peer-review selection. The authors debate both theoretical issues and practical results of their research. They are renowned experts at international level, members of the academia, PhD students or experienced practitioners involved in the management of the migration flows at the governmental level. This volume was financed by the Jean Monnet Programme of the Directorate General Education and Culture, European Commission, throughout the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence (C03/0110) within the West University of Timisoara, Romania, and is dedicated to the European Year of Workers’ Mobility 2006. Timisoara, December 200

Why do Scientists Migrate? A Diffusion Model

This article improves our understanding of the reasons underlying the intellectual migration of scientists from existing cognitive domains to nascent scientific fields. To that purpose we present, first, a number of findings from the sociology of science that give different insights about scientific migration. We then attempt to bring some of these insights together under the conceptual roof of an actor-based approach linking expected utility and diffusion theory. Intellectual migration is seen as the choice of scientists who decide under uncertainty and on the base of estimations about probabilities, costs, and benefits of the migration. The resulting choice model can be used as a heuristic base for further exploration of the subjec

Sociology of planned migration: A study of planned migration process to new towns

Sociology of Planned Migration, the subject of this thesis, is the product of a research into the movement of firms and workers from the inner areas of London to new towns. It is mainly a contribution to the sociology of planning, although its broader aims and objectives are: (a) To develop the concept of planned migration, based on the policy of dispersing and decentralising urban population and industries to new towns; and to use the concept as a framework to develop a distinctive area of knowledge known as Sociology of Planned Migration. (b) To provide a descriptive account of a typical planned migration process, as the background for studying attitudes to out-migration from the city, and for promoting understanding of the nature of change involved in planned migration to new towns. (c) To offer a theoretical explanation to planned migration decisions of city residents to new towns, and (d) To explore the wider theoretical issues in Sociology and the policy implications which planned migration raises The chosen locale for the research was one in which migrant firms provided their workers with the opportunity of choosing between moving out of the city to a new town or staying behind. The main issue was, therefore, one of determining how the workers exercised the vchoice between these alternatives, through their migration decisions. The problem was not only that of identifying the determinants of and the constraints on mobility, but also and more importantly, that of explaining their migration decisions and the frame of reference on which they were made. It was necessary to adopt a research design which would enable planned migration to be studied as a process of social change, so that conclusions may be drawn about the subjective interpretations and meanings that workers attached to out-migration, their attitudes to moving, the stages of transition and adaptative processes through which they had to pass to move to a new town, the decision-making process itself and the action frame of reference. The method of study was based on testing the hypothesis that the migration decisions of city residents tend to be motivated by the desire to satisfy non-work aspirations, by carrying out a secondary analysis of the data from the Survey of Migrant Fi ms. This survey, involving four firms that moved from London to new towns, was undertaken by the author as a member of the research team on the New Towns Project sponsored by the Social Science Research Council. The main findings of the present research can be summarised as follows: - 1. Migration decision-making, as a process, is an adaptive response to a change of environment. 2. Migration decisions of city residents were based on cost-benefit analysis of the relative advantages and disadvantages of moving or staying behind. 3. The drop-out rate was 59%. This means that the firms, on average, transferred only 41% of their staff to their new locations in new towns. 4. Up to 61% of the working class respondents moved, compared with only 39% that did not. 5. Contrary to existing evidence on selectivity in migration, more older workers moved compared with the younger ones; and the skilled manual workers, the professionals and the technicians, as well as respondents with higher qualifications and formal training, tended to stay behind in spite of attractive inducements from employers. 6. Of those who moved, 17% were motivated by the desire to keep their jobs and to maintain their career progression; while the remaining 83% were motivated by the desire to satisfy non-work aspirations which are dominated by environmental quality and housing. In addition to providing an opportunity for studying the migration process and attitudes to leaving the city for new towns, this research has both facilitated a better understanding of the nature of migration and decision-making, and contributed to the debate on environmental determinism, social mobility, non-work sociology, and the open system theory in industrial sociology. In all this, the aim has been to demonstrate the application of action frame of reference to the study of planned migration and industrial behaviour in a changing situation. In general, however, the findings have raised more questions than they would have answered For instance, is environmental quality increasingly becoming a social value and a new route to social mobility? In the near future, will the search for better environment increase the 'retreat into the suburbs' and hasten the death of the cities? How far does the finding about mobility of city residents to new towns by age, class and profession challenge current assumptions and knowledge from migration studies? These equations may teem rather provocative, but they indicate new directions in which planners may have to focus attention in order to improve their understanding of the relationship between the dynamics of urban population movement and future planning policies, with reference to new towns. In the current debate about the relevance of the policy of dispersal and decentralisation of population and industries to new towns, many have argued that the policy has encouraged the decline of our cities. However, evidence from this research shows that whether or not such policy continues to operate movements out of the cities are inevitable. At the same time, it is also evident that whilst the new towns hold a great deal of attraction for some city residents, many others still find the city a valuable habitat. The policy implication of this situation suggests that to continue new town development simultaneously with the renewal of the cities would provide two equally desirable communities for work and living. The choice as to which is better must remain with the individual. Today, it is a fact that dispersal and decentralisation of population and the new town development have both become established features of British planning. It seems, therefore, appropriate that a systematic study of the influence of this innovation on social evolution, social policy, economic and regional planning and settlement patterns should now be a subject of academic interest under the title of Sociology of Planned Migration